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Legal Literacy Resources
Criminal Court


The Canadian Legal System is a complex and interconnected relationship between the government, courts, law enforcement, public officials, and Canadian society. Laws exist to protect our fundamental rights and freedoms while, at the same time, giving us rules that help govern and maintain a well-ordered society.

As with the general population, those who are in the Corrections System have legal needs that include, but are not limited to:

  • Legal representation and counsel,
  • Self-representation in court,
  • Matters related to family law, including custody or divorce, issues related to immigration and/or extradition, or issues related to suing or being sued.

The goal of this course is to help you understand your legal rights and responsibilities should you choose to self-represent in the justice system. The course will look at legal terms and definitions that you should know, the initial steps you can expect to take as a self-representing litigant (SRL), and how the Disciplinary court system works within federal institutions. By the end of this course, you will be able to make more informed decisions based on your unique needs and circumstances. 

Click on the first lesson below—or the “View Course” button above—when you’re ready to begin.


Criminal Court

You have the right to do so, but it is highly discouraged for "indictable" (serious) offences. For less serious "summary" offences, people often self-represent, but you still face a risk of a criminal record and jail time. 

Disclosure is the package of evidence the Crown Prosecutor has against you (police notes, videos, witness statements). You have a constitutional right to see this evidence before making any decisions about a plea or trial. 

This is not your trial. The judge won't hear evidence or decide if you are guilty yet. It is a "case management" date to confirm you have your disclosure and to ask if you’ve found a lawyer or plan to represent yourself. 

Duty Counsel are real lawyers paid by Legal Aid who are stationed at the courthouse. 

  • What they do: They provide free, immediate legal advice and can help with bail hearings or simple "adjournments" (requesting more time). 

  • What they don't do: They generally will not represent you at a full trial or take on your entire case for the long term. 

If you are facing serious charges with a risk of jail and cannot afford a lawyer, you can bring a "Rowbotham Application." This is a request asking the judge to order the government to pay for your lawyer because your case is too complex to handle alone. 

No. You have a Right to Remain Silent. You do not have to prove you are innocent; the Crown has to prove you are guilty. If you choose to testify, the Crown gets to "cross-examine" you, which can be very difficult for a self-represented person. 

This is a private meeting between you, a Judge, and the Crown. It is an opportunity to discuss if the case can be "resolved" (e.g., dropped, reduced charges, or a specific plea deal) without going to a full trial. 

If you identify as Indigenous, the court must consider your systemic and historical background (like the impacts of residential schools) during sentencing. You can request to have your matter heard in "Gladue Court" if available. 

If you are not comfortable in English or French, the court will provide an interpreter for free, but you must ask for one in advance. 
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